Euphemism examples

 Euphemism examples. Euphemisms are sneaky. Effect. life. Dec 26, 2022 · 14. There will be many times in which you might hear a euphemism used during a conversation. zəm/. e. “It’s strictly forbidden to have relations with the people you manage. When it is Oct 4, 2023 · Thus, the reference to God has been disguised in ten, and the devil in hell. For instance, instead of saying that someone has been fired, one can say that they have been “let go” or “laid off. One of the best euphemisms for sex comes from Shakespeare’s Othello. ) (The phrase ‘he is gone‘ stands for death. At other times, the propagandist seeks to pacify the audience by making an unpleasant reality more palatable. For each euphemism you'll find a definition, example sentences, notes and a quick quiz question. They lost their life. Jul 30, 2021 · Doublespeak buries the truth behind distorted words. euphemism (for something) an indirect word or phrase that people often use to refer to something embarrassing or unpleasant, sometimes to make it seem more acceptable than it really is ‘Pass away’ is a euphemism for ‘die’. • Amuse others or be sarcastic. Dysphemistic Euphemism – It is used as a mockery between close friends without any animosity. Collateral Damage = Destruction of Apr 18, 2024 · The Definition of Euphemism is: Examples in Literature include works of Mark Twain, William Shakespeare, Benjamin Franklin, and many more. Jul 7, 2017 · Euphemism is a literary term that represents a word or a phrase that is said to avoid saying something that might sound offensive. Sandra seems to be between jobs. mɪ. [1] Some euphemisms are intended to amuse, while others use bland, inoffensive terms for concepts that the user wishes to downplay. Janitor - caretaker, custodian, warden. (Wǒ nǎinai qùshìle. For example, someone could say “I am living in poverty” instead of saying “I am having financial difficulties. 17. Examples of Sentences Using Euphemism. 97. Examples Of Euphemism Used To Amplify Or Exaggerate. They can compare, add color and even personify. For example, you could say “make love” instead of “sex. Armed with an understanding of the definition of euphemism, let's explore some common examples. using “eliminate” as a euphemism for “kill”. Learn the types, examples, and significance of euphemism in literature and everyday speech. A euphemism is a polite or mild word or expression used to refer to something embarrassing, taboo, or unpleasant. A euphemism (YOO-fuh-miz-uhm) is a form of figurative language. 2. " Here are a few examples Euphemism is the use of a word (or phrase) that replaces another one that one thinks to be too offensive or vulgar. A common use of euphemisms in everyday speech is the substitution of inoffensive words for swear words—a Apr 23, 2024 · Sleeping together – Euphemism for sexual relations. Euphemism is a polite or less direct way of saying something, usually to avoid saying a harsh or unpleasant truth. Next, choose a euphemism that conveys the same meaning but in a more tactful way. Make sure the euphemism you choose is appropriate for Feb 21, 2020 · 1. Here are a few examples of euphemisms replacing unpleasant phrases: Unpleasant Sentence: That dress is pretty ugly and doesn’t make you look good. "So they invent a kind of a soft language to protect themselves from it" ( Parental Advisory, 1990 Apr 16, 2020 · This “euphemism treadmill” [47: 99, 80] or “euphemism carousel” [73: 13–15] can also be observed in terms referring to persons with disabilities used in legal regulations—as well as in general language usage—in Poland and Spain. Find out the meaning and origin of common euphemisms and test your knowledge with a quiz. Go through them and try to comprehend how it is used. The term "early retirement" is nearly always a euphemism for layoffs nowadays. They were called back to God. A euphemism is a mild term—typically an idiomatic one—that’s used in place of another that could be received as harsh, hurtful, or offensive. Browse other sentences examples. Jul 3, 2023 · A euphemism, which comes from a Greek term for “words of good omen,” is commonly used to convey a message politely without causing discomfort. Aunt Flo: When a woman announces that Aunt Flo is in town, this is another euphemism to let everyone know that she is on her period. “On the rocks” — A phrase used to describe a relationship or marriage that is experiencing difficulties or is close to ending. We know that she really means a young woman who has few morals. Collateral damage – Euphemism for civilian casualties during military operations. For example: ‘terminate’ for “kill”. The word euphemism comes from Greek euphēmismos from euphēmos, meaning “sounding good. Understanding euphemisms is not only crucial for linguistic proficiency but also for effective and considerate communication. No longer Aug 25, 2022 · Simply put, a euphemism is a non-offensive way to say an offensive thing. Nov 1, 2021 · Many of these refer to religious beliefs, which are only respectful if the person who died subscribed to them. Euphemisms are commonly used in daily language and literature to replace language that some may find displeasing. Euphemism can use a similar sounding word, for example, “darn” instead of “damn”,” jeez” instead of “Jesus”, and “gosh” instead of “God. "There is virtually no aspect of human experience free from dysphemism. The last syllable is a soft “um. pushing daisies. Dysphemism. Dysphemism is the opposite of a euphemism. Euphemism Examples This is a list of about fifty common euphemisms. "the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh or blunt" Mark Twain From "Nevada Funeral" Nov 29, 2023 · The quickest answer is that idioms are metaphorical phrases while euphemisms are a gentler way to word something. There are tons of euphemism examples that can be used in speech. This is the term you’ll aim to replace with a euphemism. It refers to a process by which words that are used as a euphemism for a concept that’s somehow tainted then end up becoming tainted themselves by association. English definition of Euphemism : an inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive. For example, "kick the bucket Mar 19, 2018 · Examples and Observations. Aug 21, 2023 · Common examples of Euphemism. Taboos examples. fə. Revenue shortfall – Euphemism for financial losses. Passed away. Euphemisms can take many different forms. Given below are a few examples of sentences using euphemisms. One universal topic where euphemisms are often used is death, which is 死亡 (sǐwáng) in Mandarin Chinese. Consider this dark-humored joke: Tom goes on vacation and asks his brother Bob to take care of his cat. Euphemisms are also used to make unpleasant or taboo subjects more merry - "Merry" means slightly drunk, but it's also a euphemism for: a) being very happy b) being very drunk c) not being drunk 7. ‘User fees’ is just a politician's euphemism for taxes. The Birds and the Bees: This is a rite of passage conversation about sex and procreation. Soft language is a phrase coined by American comedian George Carlin to describe euphemistic expressions that "conceal reality" and "take the life out of life. They do this by using bland and inoffensive words euphemism (for something) an indirect word or phrase that people often use to refer to something embarrassing or unpleasant, sometimes to make it seem more acceptable than it really is ‘Pass away’ is a euphemism for ‘die’. Britannica Dictionary definition of EUPHEMISM. Example: The expressions "pass away", "pass on" and "pass" are all euphemisms for "die". A euphemism is "an indirect, mild, delicate, inoffensive, or vague word or expression for one thought to be coarse, sordid, or otherwise unpleasant, offensive, or blunt. Other kinds of euphemisms, rather than covering up, inflate or magnify, making something sound more important or grander than it is: technical representative for 43. At that point, society generates a new “correct” euphemism. Economical with the truth – Euphemism for lying or being dishonest. “Unfortunately he passed away last year after being diagnosed with cancer. “Let go” instead of “fired”. This can be done by substituting a single word or by using an entirely different phrase, though in either case, the true meaning should be obvious to your audience. 13. “A police officer encountered two people getting intimate behind the restaurant. Euphemism is a way of speaking about something in a kinder, softer or less hurtful way. 我奶奶 去世了. People don’t go to prison; it’s a Euphemism definition: the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt. Jan 1, 2018 · interpersonal relationship. (The term ‘a readjustment of rations‘ is a milder term for a reduction in the food supply. person of interest - A "person of interest" is someone suspected of: a) solving a crime b) committing a crime c) being a victim of crime Aug 7, 2023 - Here is an explanation of euphemism with simple examples. Aug 2, 2020 · Euphemism Examples. Boss - manager, supervisor, director. My family inheritance is a nice line of tall A euphemism is a mild or roundabout word or phrase used in place of one considered painful or offensive—for example, golden years for old age or economically disadvantaged for poor. ‘contraceptives’ substituted for Sep 25, 2017 · Common Euphemisms in English. 去世了 is similar to the English “passed away. Euphemism ka matalab hindi me kya hai (Euphemism का हिंदी में मतलब ). "Death generates such typical euphemisms as to pass away, to pass on, to May 16, 2013 · 14. used for avoiding taboos and showing politeness in our daily. Dec 8, 2021 · A euphemism is a palatable way of saying something that may otherwise upset or offend someone. Here are some examples from the military: Pacification = The act of forcefully exerting outside government over a previously autonomous people. “Pre-owned” is probably one of the most well-known examples of euphemism in the advertising world. “Some couples vow not to sleep together until they get married. Example. ) (The phrase ‘my bell of Jun 2, 2017 · A euphemism is a gentle word or expression for a harsh or offensive term. Blind Visually impaired. “Bite the dust“ — An idiom meaning to die or fail, often used in a somewhat light-hearted or irreverent manner. Dec 7, 2017 · In the immigration debate, the euphemism treadmill can sometimes run in reverse and actually make political language harsher. For example, saying that a resident of a retirement home is advanced in age is a euphemism for saying that they're old. When propagandists use glittering generalities and name-calling symbols, they hope to arouse their audience with vivid, emotionally suggestive words. Euphemisms are also used to soften the meaning of certain activities. It can also be used to make something sound more pleasant or less offensive. 15. ” “User fees” is just a politician's euphemism for taxes. This pronunciation will help ensure Nov 8, 2023 · Examples include: “Kick the bucket”— A euphemism for dying or death. Nigel Ward, Cwmbran. "Economical with the truth" A term with a habit of surfacing during Euphemisms are terms that attempt to cover up that which is wrong, unethical, taboo, or harsh. Replace that phrase with a gentle (euphemistic) word or phrase. " These terms are often used to avoid the discomfort of having to directly talk about sex or to avoid using explicit language. Most probably, the terms in use at present are not the final stage in the series of expressions which Examples Of Euphemism. They passed (away). Examples of common euphemisms include saying something like passed away instead of died or saying We have to let you go instead of You're fired! 2 days ago · A euphemism is a polite word or expression that is used to refer to things that people may find upsetting or embarrassing to talk about, for example sex, the human body, or death. He’s not a liar; he’s “creative with the truth. 6. They entered eternal rest. A few euphemism examples are listed below. An idiom is a figure of speech in which words are used to represent a non-literal meaning, often in metaphorical terms. 24. euphemism (noun) euphemism / ˈ juːfəˌmɪzəm/ noun. A euphemism is with him a falsehood. Dysphemisms describe certain types of speech Nov 6, 2019 · Updated on November 06, 2019. Euphemism is the use of a polite, indirect expression which replaces words and/or phrases that are considered harsh, impolite, or which suggest something unpleasant. They left this life. An euphemism example is “Correctional facility” for “prison” and “passed away” for “died” are examples of euphemism. Euphemisms are multipurpose phrases used to: • Mask the meaning of something. The collateral damage that resulted from the war was saddening. A dysphemism is defined as an unpleasant or derogatory word or phrase that is used instead of a more neutral, pleasant, or polite word. They can also be used to avoid causing offense or discomfort to the listener or reader. Other common euphemisms include "sleeping together," "hooking up," and "getting busy. It is a phrase or word used to express something with a negative connotation in a more direct way. “ Didn’t make it ,” “kicked the bucket ,” “ gone to a better place ,” are a few more examples of euphemisms for death . Euphemism is a common language strategy in. Short Vertically challenged. communication. When something is “pre-owned” it’s simply a polite way of saying something has been used, sometimes over-used. For example, saying “passed away” instead of “died” is a common euphemism. His great-grandfather passed away last week. A euphemism is a tad more specific and refers to an expression that’s meant to stand in for some negative Oct 9, 2020 · Psychologist and linguist Stephen Pinker coined the term euphemism treadmill in a 1994 article in the New York Times. Slipped away/succumbed. . They can be used humorously or to downplay or mask a situation, causing some to find the device deceitful or counterproductive. See examples of EUPHEMISM used in a sentence. Learn more about euphemism and how you can use them to address sensitive subject matter with the right degree of tact. Apr 12, 2023 · Examples, Definitions, and How to Create Them. Double Entendres. Sep 14, 2023 · As you can see, a euphemism is a nicer way to say something, whereas a dysphemism is a meaner, dirtier way to say something. For example, saying someone “kicked the bucket” or “bought the farm” is a euphemism for dying. ) So it means “good expression” or Euphemism (etymologically from Greek “euphemizein,” literally means “to speak fair”) exclusively consists in the use of a mild, comforting, or evasive expression that takes the place of one considered to be taboo, negative, offensive, or too blunt. Keep in mind that euphemisms aren’t always more appropriate. “Adult beverages” is a euphemism designed for children to understand that the beverage is actually alcoholic and not for them. It also may be a replacement of a name or a word, that could reveal a secret or holy and sacred names to the uninitiated. Euphemisms and Dysphemisms for Death. It’s our way of taking the edge off language that might be confrontational or bothersome to another person. See popular literary euphemisms at work. The substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant. Language device: Euphemism. The second syllable is pronounced like the letter “f” followed by a short “uh” sound. “Correctional May 9, 2020 · Euphemism Examples Examples of Euphemism in Day to Day Conversation. Apr 25, 2024 · Euphemism is pronounced as /ˈjuː. We also find a lot of euphemisms in government, like adult diapers. These idiomatic, indirect expressions replace harsh, impolite, taboo, or unpleasant terms with more delicate phrases. This is probably the most widely-used euphemism for death. They’re at rest. Browse doublespeak examples you might encounter in an everyday conversation and what they really mean. bit the dust. What is euphemism? A word or phrase that is mild and less blunt than the actual subject. 16: Has a Bun in the Oven: When a woman has a bun in the oven, she is expecting a baby. 6 days ago · Step 1: Identify the Sensitive Subject Recognize the word or phrase in your sentence that could be sensitive, blunt, or controversial. 47). See how euphemism can help portray the natural way in which people speak and avoid saying something directly. • Blunt the meaning to reduce the sting. The word usage examples above have been gathered from various sources to reflect current and historical usage. “Senior citizens” instead of “old people”. Euphemism Examples. See more. They’re not in a sexual relationship; they’re “friends with benefits. Feb 7, 2020 · For example, we can find some interesting euphemisms from the military, like “friendly fire” (bullets and bombs that hit your own soldiers), “collateral damage” (when the soldiers kill civilians) and “clean bomb” (a bomb that kills people but keeps those nice buildings standing). May 23, 2023 · An euphemism is a figure of speech that can be defined as: A word or phrase that refers to a sensitive, taboo, or uncomfortable reality in a more polite and socially acceptable way. Jan 21, 2023 · Below, we’ll give examples of each of these types. To break it down: The first syllable sounds like “you. Put to sleep which is a euphemism for euthanized. Sentence with Euphemisms: . Kelly's argument here, though, might be the best euphemism yet. “Collateral damage” instead of “civilian casualties”. Each a poorer euphemism than the last for the remnants of chattel slavery, genocide, and forced labor. Euphemism is a polite, mild phrase that substitutes an unpleasant or difficult word or situation with a nicer one. A double entendre is a figure of speech that has two meanings: the literal, obvious meaning, and a second (or third) meaning. Euphemism meaning in Hindi (हिन्दी मे मीनिंग ) is प्रियोक्ति. May 15, 2013 · Despite Ghedini's protestations of his client's innocence, the phrase has become a euphemism for men who use prostitutes. Euphemisms are used to allude to delicate topics and to avoid censorship. This “c acophemism cliff ” turned “birthright citizenship For example, instead of saying “She’s old,” you could use the euphemism “She’s a senior citizen. Thus, many people use the euphemisms intimate parts by sexual organs; make greater waters to defecate; go to a better life to die; or the evil one by the Devil; Blind by Mar 3, 2021 · Definition: A mild, indirect, or vague term that often substitutes for a harsh, blunt, or offensive term. Deaf, or hard of hearing Aurally Challenged. A young woman, whose name was Breonna Taylor, was killed, as an early local news report described, “inside a home […] in the middle of an officer-involved shooting. 去世了 (Qùshìle) — Left the world. That means euphem isms can be. Someone with disability Differently abled. sex: to sleep together, to have relations, to get intimate, to make love. Aug 8, 2018 · Euphemisms. School - academy, conservatory. The substitution of a mild and pleasant expression for a harsh and blunt one, such as ‘to pass away’ for ‘to die’. 见阎王 (Jiàn yánwáng) — Gone to see Hades. Merriam-Webster defines euphemism as “the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant”. Mar 4, 2024 · Here are a few examples: 1. Sep 30, 2020 · 8 minutes. The phrase has become a euphemism for the erosion of workers' basic rights. bought the farm. In a better place – Euphemism for deceased. She’s not sick; she’s “under the weather. Here are three examples: Semantic alteration–using an entirely different phrase in place of the original. Mentally ill Mentally challenged. It is so unfortunate that we have to let you go. Enhanced interrogation is what some people call the practice of torture, and doing May 8, 2023 · Euphemism is a literary device that involves the use of a mild or indirect word or phrase to replace a term that is considered too harsh, blunt, or unpleasant. When applied to people, animal names are usually dysphemisms: coot, old bat, pig, chicken, snake, skunk, and bitch, for example. Using euphemism we can avoid making blunt or politically incorrect statements. Paraphrasing an unpalatable topic, this figure of speech uses soft or flowery language to create Examples of euphemism in literature. Fat Horizontally challenged. — possibly the most common English death euphemism. Euphemisms are often used to avoid offending or upsetting Apr 4, 2024 · A euphemism paraphrases, not for clarity, but to mask profanity or a touchy subject. plural euphemisms. Five common euphemisms are: A bun in the oven: pregnant. In terms of the word’s origin, its etymology traces to the 16th century. Apr 1, 2024 · Examples of Euphemisms in Everyday Conversation. We are going to look at some examples of euphemism as well as what it is that they are replacing. You'll likely recognize a few of these from your own conversations, maybe without even realizing you were using a euphemism! "Kick the bucket": This colorful phrase is a euphemism for death. BS; Shoot; Fudge; Heck Feb 6, 2023 · A Definition. 85. instead of old people we say senior citizens). The car isn’t used; it’s “certified pre-owned. It is a polite way of saying something that would normally sound harsh or unpleasant (i. In order to use a euphemism, Decide when you need to say something that might be unpleasant or offensive. " Another Shakespeare euphemism for sex and its obvious result comes from Antony and Cleopatra: "She made great Caesar lay his sword Dec 25, 2016 · The meaning of EUPHEMISM is the substitution of an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant; also : the expression so substituted. ) My grandmother passed away. Name Dysphemism – It is used when someone is called by his name Oct 26, 2022 · 2. Euphemisms are the words or expressions that speakers use instead of taboo words. “-ist” Dysphemism – Targeted at a particular ethnicity. The term “Euphemism” comes from Greek roots: “Eu” (meaning good) and “Pheme” (meaning speech or expression. The third syllable sounds like “miz,” rhyming with “his. One of my favourite euphemisms, "Shaking hands with a friend of the wife" or rather, to take a short trip to the bathroom. Instead of “died,” for example, we often say that someone “passed away” or a pet was “put to sleep” … or even “the cat’s on the roof …”. "I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs. Homosexual Dysphemism – These terms are used regarding homosexuality like, “gay,” “faggot,” and “queer. A euphemism ( / ˈjuːfəmɪzəm / YOO-fə-miz-əm) is an innocuous word or expression used in place of one that is deemed offensive or suggests something unpleasant. Examples of euphemism: “He passed away” instead of “He died” – a common The euphemism passed away is a more sensitive phrase. Step 2: Choose an Appropriate Euphemism Search for a euphemism that will replace the sensitive term without altering the sentence’s overall meaning A euphemism is a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something distasteful, inappropriate, or unpleasant. In March of this year, just as the pandemic was upending the way we live, a crime was committed. Mar 21, 2017 · Steven Pinker and Joseph Wood Krutch on the Euphemism Treadmill - "Linguists are familiar with the phenomenon, which may be called the euphemism treadmill. Being well mannered was important in the Edwardian period and the use of euphemism in the Euphemism definition, the substitution of a mild, indirect, or vague expression for one thought to be offensive, harsh, or blunt. Learn how to use euphemism in everyday speech, literature, and pop culture with examples from literature, music, and media. Find out the difference between euphemism and understatement, innuendo, and related terms. a word or phrase used…. Aug 2, 2023 · Tags: 10 examples of euphemism 10 polite words in english 20 examples of euphemism 25 common sayings and where they came from 25 in english 25 word sentence examples 5 euphemisms 5 examples of euphemism 5 letter word for not good enough 6 5 euphemisms worksheet answers a euphemism a euphemism is a word or phrase that is a sentence for euphemism Jul 9, 2017 · Euphemisms about sex. Let's look at a list of examples of dysphemism to get a clearer view. They slipped away. Following are some famous examples of Euphemism Figure of Speech: “For the time being,” he explains, “it had been found necessary to make a readjustment of rations . Feb 28, 2023 · Euphemisms are often used to convey delicate or sensitive topics, such as death, sex, bodily functions, or social taboos, in a more polite or socially acceptable manner. How to use euphemism in a sentence. For instance, instead of saying “He’s unemployed,” you could say “He’s between jobs. Learn more. Euphemistic language is commonly used in literature, especially older works, as a way to convey a message euphemism (countable): A mild or pleasant expression used in this way. Jan 24, 2023 · Using euphemisms to cover for atrocities is the essence of the banality of evil. Garbage Collector - sanitation worker, waste disposal worker. Gaming is often used as a euphemism for gambling in the United States. a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word: 2. Sleeping together – Euphemism for sexual relations. ” Even though the word sex isn’t inherently bad or offensive, “make love” can soften the language a bit, depending on the audience. euphemism (for something) jump to other results an indirect word or phrase that people often use to refer to something embarrassing or unpleasant, sometimes to make it seem more acceptable than it really is “Pass away” is a euphemism for “die. Euphemism, the use of indirect or mild expressions to substitute for words or phrases considered harsh, offensive, or unpleasant, is a fundamental element of language and communication. Oct 26, 2023 · 1. Sep 17, 2014 · A euphemism, put plainly, is a gentler or more polite way of phrasing a thought than what might be the most direct and blunt way of phrasing. Passed away which is a euphemism for died. Stupid Intellectually challenged. Friendly Fire = Being shot at (unintentionally) by your own allies. It is a form of figurative language that is used to make language more polite, tactful, or acceptable in certain contexts. Learn what a euphemism is and how to use it in different contexts. Euphemism uses words like PASS AWAY instead of DIE, or WASH YOUR HANDS instead of GO TO THE TOILET. Euphemisms To Speak Politely And Courteously. swimming with the fishes. The icon indicates free access to the linked research on JSTOR. A euphemism is a socially or politically correct turn of phrase used in place of another term that may be offensive or difficult. Totally deaf Hearing impaired. " "Americans have trouble facing the truth," Carlin said. . six feet under. As mentioned, you probably use euphemisms even if you might not realize you are doing so. ”. People invent new words for emotionally charged referents, but soon the euphemism becomes tainted by association, and a new word must be found, which soon acquires its own connotations, and so on. [count] : a mild or pleasant word or phrase that is used instead of one that is unpleasant or offensive. Powder room (bathroom) Postconsumer secondary material (garbage) Do it (have sex) Phonetic alternation–mispronouncing words or using abbreviations. It may also be used to obscure the identity of the subject of a conversation from potential eavesdroppers. Jun 20, 2021 · A euphemism is an appropriate expression used in the place of a phrase or words that may be found inappropriate or offensive. In recent years, surveys of funeral homes have highlighted the most common death euphemisms in each state. All of these could be considered a bit rude. Mrs Birling refers to ‘a girl of that sort’ (p. It's a bit more light-hearted EUPHEMISM meaning: 1. The language of doublespeak. Secretary - executive assistant, personal assistant. […] Feb 17, 2019 · One of the most famous literary examples of using euphemism to change words’ meanings is in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, with the Ministry of Peace, Ministry of Love and Newspeak. Feb 17, 2021 · Euphemism examples in literature can be found in poetry and prose. Doublespeak can involve the use of euphemism, as well as deliberate ambiguity and reversing the meaning of words. Nov 21, 2023 · What are the 5 examples of euphemism? There are thousands of possible euphemisms; they can be created by writers at any time. li cz fc bx ik qd jw qd sr qj